- stunnel-users - stunnel.org

SegFault with stunnel
by Beyerle, Christian 12 Oct '06

12 Oct '06

Hello Everyone, I try to encrypt a Mysql-Connection between two host which run Suse Linux 10.1. On the Server runs a mysql database, on the client runs barnyard (a plugin for snort) which should write into the mysql database. I installed stunnel 4.14 on x86_64-suse-linux-gnu UCONTEXT+POLL+IPv4+LIBWRAP with OpenSSL 0.9.8a 11 Oct 2005 on both servers. The Configuration file on the Server (mysql) looks like: client = no debug = 7777777 output = /var/log/stunnel.log [mysqls] accept = 10439 connect = 127.0.0.1:3306 Stunnel seems to run well: lsof -i -n | grep stunnel stunnel 25330 stunnel 6u IPv4 371490 TCP *:10439 (LISTEN) On the client: [mysqls] client = yes accept = 127.0.0.1:3306 connect = 172.16.1.80:10439 Stunnel seems to run as well as on the server: stunnel 16634 stunnel 6u IPv4 22487 TCP 127.0.0.1:mysql (LISTEN) If i start barnyard that should connect to port 3306, barnyard cannot open the port and quits. I looked in my syslog and found the following entry: Oct 12 14:10:28 CLIENT kernel: stunnel[10991]: segfault at 0000000055697fb0 rip 000055555555b793 rsp 00005555556b0520 error 4 Oct 12 14:10:28 CLIENT barnyard[10997]: FATAL ERROR: Failed to connect to database snort:[email protected]/sensors: Lost connection to MySQL server during query Oct 12 14:10:28 CLIENT barnyard[10997]: Exiting I find no log of stunnel which help me to understand the reason of the crash. After this stunnel not too seem runnign anymore on the port: lsof -i -n | grep stunnel (no output) Does anybody have an idea??? Thank you for the help, -- Chris

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[stunnel-users]Plan for new authorisation method in Stunnel
by Thomas Thiele 11 Oct '06

11 Oct '06

Hello Stunnel Users, I am planning to develop a new authorisation method for Stunnel which I need for work. This method will be an addition to the existing methods for checking certificates. The idea is to use the subject names and the alternative names of the certificates to allow or drop connections. The subject and alternative names of the machines/clients that are allowed to connect to the server will be written into the Stunnel config. While checking the certificates, the subject and alternative names from the Stunnel config will be compared with the subject and alternative names in the certirficate from the connection request. If one of the names from the Stunnel config matches with the names from the certificate then the connection will be allowed. This is the basic idea of my project. Is anyone already working on something like that or do you have any ideas or suggestions for me? Best Regards, Thomas Thiele -- GMX DSL-Flatrate 0,- Euro* - Überall, wo DSL verfügbar ist! NEU: Jetzt bis zu 16.000 kBit/s! http://www.gmx.net/de/go/dsl

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libstunnel.so
by Andrew Schulman 05 Oct '06

05 Oct '06

The Debian stunnel (actually stunnel4) package includes /usr/lib/libstunnel.so. I have two questions about this file: (1) What is its purpose? ldd shows that /usr/bin/stunnel doesn't depend on it. So is this the shared library referred to in stunnel(1), under the 'transparent' option? The man page says that to use 'transparent' one has to LD_PRELOAD env.so, but I don't find any env.so. I see that env.c is used in building libstunnel.a, so I'm guessing that the man page meant to say libstunnel.so instead of env.so. (2) How does one build it? configure includes a --with-shared-libs option, but even when that's enabled I don't get a libstunnel.so when I build. And I can't find any make targets for any .so files. Yet Debian includes this file. Thanks, Andrew.

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Configure can't find openssl in Ubuntu
by Tommi Nieminen 04 Oct '06

04 Oct '06

Hello, I have an Ubuntu 6.06.1 (Dapper) where I'm trying to install Stunnel. First I tried to install Stunnel using Ubuntu's package manager (apt-get install stunnel4). The installation went very smoothly but the fact that stunnel didn't recognize the -V switch left me with an uneasy feeling that something else might be lacking, too. The Ubuntu package in question contains Stunnel 4.14. Stunnel 3.26, installed from another package, does recognize the -V switch. So then I tried several times installing stunnel from source. A few obstacles I managed to overcome, but now that the configure script stops telling that it can't find SSL directory checking for SSL directory... Not found Couldn't find your SSL library installation dir Use --with-ssl option to fix this problem I'm out of resources. The script seems to check the existence of ssl.h file: checkssldir() { : if test -f "$1/include/openssl/ssl.h" Despite the fact that I have OpenSSL 0.9.8a on my machine, I don't have ssl.h file anywhere, I checked that with find. I tried installing Linux headers, but that didn't help (well I didn't expect it to help, but I couldn't think of anything). Is there some package I should get, that doesn't come with the openssl package or how should I solve this problem? Any ideas? Another problem that I had when I was experimenting with Stunnel 3.26 was the fact, that I couldn't start it up. It kept asking for the -r or -l switch. What I want to do with Stunnel is to decrypt the traffic coming in on one interface and then forward it to another machine through another interface. I tried several different configuration files, this is one of them (without indentations): cert = stunnel.pem key = stunnel.pem socket = l:TCP_NODELAY=1 socket = r:TCP_NODELAY=1 verify = 1 debug = 7 output = stunnel.log client = no [https] accept = 443 connect = 192.168.10.17:5010 TIMEOUTclose = 0 I didn't get any debug information and -f switch didn't give anything more. I tried the Windows version (4.18) on another pc and it seemed to do exactly what I wanted. (the config file may have been slightly different, at least no debug was set. I really would like to get this working on a Linux box, too. Tommi Nieminen

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Convert to SSL
by Bob 04 Oct '06

04 Oct '06

Hello all, I have been looking online at the examples but can't seem to quite figure out how to do this. We are currently using stunnel to receive SSL message and redirect them as regular messages but now I need to go the other way first. Is it possible to setup stunnel to receive an non-SSL messages and redirect it as an SSL message? and can this be done in the current config file or do I have to run 2 stunnel daemons? Also, the new one has to validate certificates. -- _______________________________________________________________________ Thanks, Bob (bobif(a)adelphia.net) YahooIM: bobifx AOLIM: bobifmd ICQ: 111083556

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"SSL3_GET_RECORD:wrong version number" error
by James Brown 04 Oct '06

04 Oct '06

I am having problems connecting to stunnel and was hoping someone could help me. When starting stunnel and then trying to send an SSL-encrypted email through it I get: $ sudo /usr/local/sbin/stunnel /sw/etc/stunnel/stunnel.conf -D 465 -r 25 2006.10.04 11:03:28 LOG7[29230:2684415368]: Snagged 64 random bytes from /Users/jlbrown/.rnd 2006.10.04 11:03:28 LOG7[29230:2684415368]: Wrote 1024 new random bytes to /Users/jlbrown/.rnd 2006.10.04 11:03:28 LOG7[29230:2684415368]: RAND_status claims sufficient entropy for the PRNG 2006.10.04 11:03:28 LOG7[29230:2684415368]: PRNG seeded successfully 2006.10.04 11:03:28 LOG7[29230:2684415368]: Certificate: /Users/ jlbrown/%1.pem 2006.10.04 11:03:28 LOG7[29230:2684415368]: Certificate loaded 2006.10.04 11:03:28 LOG7[29230:2684415368]: Key file: /Users/jlbrown/% 1.pem 2006.10.04 11:03:28 LOG7[29230:2684415368]: Private key loaded 2006.10.04 11:03:28 LOG7[29230:2684415368]: SSL context initialized for service ssmtp 2006.10.04 11:03:28 LOG5[29230:2684415368]: stunnel 4.18 on powerpc- apple-darwin8.8.0 with OpenSSL 0.9.7i 14 Oct 2005 2006.10.04 11:03:28 LOG5[29230:2684415368]: Threading:PTHREAD SSL:ENGINE Sockets:SELECT,IPv4 Auth:LIBWRAP 2006.10.04 11:03:28 LOG6[29230:2684415368]: file ulimit = 256 (can be changed with 'ulimit -n') 2006.10.04 11:03:28 LOG6[29230:2684415368]: FD_SETSIZE = 1024 (some systems allow to increase this value) 2006.10.04 11:03:28 LOG5[29230:2684415368]: 125 clients allowed 2006.10.04 11:03:28 LOG7[29230:2684415368]: FD 6 in non-blocking mode 2006.10.04 11:03:28 LOG7[29230:2684415368]: FD 7 in non-blocking mode 2006.10.04 11:03:28 LOG7[29230:2684415368]: FD 8 in non-blocking mode 2006.10.04 11:03:28 LOG7[29230:2684415368]: SO_REUSEADDR option set on accept socket 2006.10.04 11:03:28 LOG7[29230:2684415368]: ssmtp bound to 0.0.0.0:465 James-Browns-Computer-2:~/stunnel-4.18 jlbrown$ 2006.10.04 11:03:28 LOG7[29231:2684415368]: Created pid file /usr/local/var/run/stunnel/ stunnel.pid 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG7[29231:2684415368]: ssmtp accepted FD=9 from 127.0.0.1:64235 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG7[29231:25188864]: ssmtp started 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG7[29231:25188864]: FD 9 in non-blocking mode 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG7[29231:25188864]: TCP_NODELAY option set on local socket 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG7[29231:25188864]: FD 10 in non-blocking mode 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG7[29231:25188864]: FD 11 in non-blocking mode 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG7[29231:25188864]: Connection from 127.0.0.1:64235 permitted by libwrap 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG5[29231:25188864]: ssmtp connected from 127.0.0.1:64235 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG7[29231:2684415368]: Cleaning up the signal pipe 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG7[29231:25188864]: FD 10 in non-blocking mode 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG7[29231:25188864]: ssmtp connecting 127.0.0.1:25 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG7[29231:25188864]: connect_wait: waiting 10 seconds 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG6[29231:2684415368]: Child process 29421 finished with code 0 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG7[29231:25188864]: connect_wait: connected 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG7[29231:25188864]: Remote FD=10 initialized 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG7[29231:25188864]: TCP_NODELAY option set on remote socket 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG7[29231:25188864]: SSL state (connect): before/ connect initialization 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG7[29231:25188864]: SSL state (connect): SSLv3 write client hello A 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG7[29231:25188864]: SSL alert (write): fatal: handshake failure 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG3[29231:25188864]: SSL_connect: 1408F10B: error:1408F10B:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_RECORD:wrong version number 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG5[29231:25188864]: Connection reset: 0 bytes sent to SSL, 0 bytes sent to socket 2006.10.04 11:08:08 LOG7[29231:25188864]: ssmtp finished (0 left) Any suggestions as to what is causing this and how I can fix it? I got the same thing on another machine, with stunnel 4.04 and OpenSSL 0.9.7d. My stunnel.conf file is: cert = /Users/jlbrown/%1.pem key = /Users/jlbrown/%1.pem debug=7 output=/dev/stdout ; Some performance tunings socket = l:TCP_NODELAY=1 socket = r:TCP_NODELAY=1 ; Service-level configuration [ssmtp] client = yes accept = 465 connect = 192.168.1.31:25 Thanks, James.

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Thanks
by Eric S. Eberhard 03 Oct '06

03 Oct '06

For the help ... I believe I got it. Was I got that debug bug fixed I could tell what was going on. In the end I just stopped fighting it and downloaded prngd and ran it for a while. Interestingly, once I did this, it continues to work fine w/out prngd up and running. It did something I don't understand to my random file (apparently the old one was not good enough) and now it works!##$ Don't understand it, but it works! I still have some other application problem but I appear to get responses now. Thanks, Eric This email sent by: Eric S. Eberhard (928) 567-3727 Voice (928) 567-6122 Fax 928-301-7537 -- you may call any time day or night, I turn it off when I sleep :-) Please try to use a land line first (reception often poor). Note the change in the domain from vicspdi.com to vicsmba.com !!!! For Metropolis support and VICS MBA Support!!!! http://www.vicsmba.com Completely updated web site of personal pictures with many new pictures! Includes horses, dogs, Corvairs, and more. http://www.vicsmba.com/ourpics/index.html Corvair pictures including the Judson setup on our 62 Sedan and lots of pictures of Cheryl's 62 Monza Wagon and our 62 Spyder convertible. http://www.vicsmba.com/ourpics/corvairs.html My younger brother Martin has started a very serious car company. A hot rod (very fast) electric roadster is the first offering. The chassis is built by Lotus to their specs. Check it out: http://www.teslamotors.com

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Re: [stunnel-users] Help please - debug and random file
by Eric S. Eberhard 02 Oct '06

02 Oct '06

Mike, Ah -- you are an expert! Amazing product in that I last download this in 2000 and have used it without incident ever since. Too bad I am forced to upgrade. I have hunted down the problem some more -- it has to do with the randomness. Using dbx I have found that it is blocking on a socked read for DEVRANDOM_EGD ... I did not specifically set up any sockets for randomness anyplace. Or set any options. I don't really want a socket, I was perfectly happy with my little 1024 byte .rnd file. If I copy a file (at random :-) ) and specify that it use that file for randomness, it reads it and sets it to zero bytes (unless I tell it not to overwrite). It then goes to read the socket and hangs. I suspect this is more an openssl problem than stunnel unless you can think of a way to 1) make it not wipe out my random file 2) make it not try and access a socket I hope you put my little fix in to s_log. Thanks, Eric At 01:51 PM 10/2/2006, you wrote: >On Monday 02 October 2006 21:19, you wrote: > > Are you an openssl/stunnel expert? > >I wrote stunnel. I could say I'm an expert (who an expert is otherwise?). > > > If I gave you access to my rs6000 > > and paid you, could you get this to work for me? Since I only need > > to compil this every 5-10 years, it makes little sense for me to > > invest a lot of time learning it! > >Good idea. > >Best regards, > Mike > This email sent by: Eric S. Eberhard (928) 567-3727 Voice (928) 567-6122 Fax 928-301-7537 -- you may call any time day or night, I turn it off when I sleep :-) Please try to use a land line first (reception often poor). Note the change in the domain from vicspdi.com to vicsmba.com !!!! For Metropolis support and VICS MBA Support!!!! http://www.vicsmba.com Completely updated web site of personal pictures with many new pictures! Includes horses, dogs, Corvairs, and more. http://www.vicsmba.com/ourpics/index.html Corvair pictures including the Judson setup on our 62 Sedan and lots of pictures of Cheryl's 62 Monza Wagon and our 62 Spyder convertible. http://www.vicsmba.com/ourpics/corvairs.html My younger brother Martin has started a very serious car company. A hot rod (very fast) electric roadster is the first offering. The chassis is built by Lotus to their specs. Check it out: http://www.teslamotors.com

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Help please - debug and random file
by Eric S. Eberhard 02 Oct '06

02 Oct '06

Hello everyone. I have not been on the list for a long time. I last compiled openssl and stunnel in 2000 or so and have been using the same code ever since. I use it very simply in client mode ... I have an application to authorize credit cards and it connect to stunnel in inetd mode (with -c in the command line). visanet is now requiring version 2 SSL so I have to change so I got all the new stuff and compiled it up and made a .conf file. I have two problems (for now :-) ): 1) No matter what I do it seems that at least some debug is coming back through the socket, and no debug is going to my debug file 2) The debug I am getting is very strange -- the first time it says "Snagged 64 from bytes from stunnel.rnd" The second time it says "Unable to retrieve any random data from stunnel.rnd" When I examine the file it has a current date and zero bytes. If I copy back my old (2000) stunnel.rnd it always reads once, and then writes it back out with zero bytes. I am AIX 4.3.3 and I compiled with xlc and the only option I used that was not default was to not link in the wrappers. I did get a ton of warnings that the "-pthreaded" option was not valid ... but it executes and responds so I am not sure that matters? Or should I do something (what?) about that? My configuration files for the service (visanet) is: output = /tmp/stunnel.log debug = 7 RNDfile = /visanet/ssl/stunnel.rnd [visanet] client = yes connect = ssllab.pgs.wcom.net:443 sslVersion = SSLv2 protocol = smtp cert = /viasanet/ssl/stunnel.pem The rnd file and cert file are from 2000 (old old old!). I would have expected a file /tmp/stunnel.log -- the file is not even created! The old inetd line was: (blah blah) stunnel -r ssllab.pgs.wcom.net:443 -c -R /visanet/sslold/stunnel.rnd What stupid thing am I doing wrong? Does anyone else have experience using stunnel with visanet and can they give me any pointers? Thanks! Eric This email sent by: Eric S. Eberhard (928) 567-3727 Voice (928) 567-6122 Fax 928-301-7537 -- you may call any time day or night, I turn it off when I sleep :-) Please try to use a land line first (reception often poor). Note the change in the domain from vicspdi.com to vicsmba.com !!!! For Metropolis support and VICS MBA Support!!!! http://www.vicsmba.com Completely updated web site of personal pictures with many new pictures! Includes horses, dogs, Corvairs, and more. http://www.vicsmba.com/ourpics/index.html Corvair pictures including the Judson setup on our 62 Sedan and lots of pictures of Cheryl's 62 Monza Wagon and our 62 Spyder convertible. http://www.vicsmba.com/ourpics/corvairs.html My younger brother Martin has started a very serious car company. A hot rod (very fast) electric roadster is the first offering. The chassis is built by Lotus to their specs. Check it out: http://www.teslamotors.com

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One bug solved/fixed -- bug in log.c or perhaps options.c
by Eric S. Eberhard 02 Oct '06

02 Oct '06

Because I am using inetd mode, any unintended output by stunnel to stdout is BAD as this is accepted as input through inetd to my calling program. The problem with stunnel is that in main it does main_initialize which has the final function "log_open" However, somewhere in "parse_config" a call is made to "s_log" (with the text "Snagged 64 bytes from ..." and since this is before the log_open, the output ends up on stdout rather than being logged. Rather than try and hunt down the function that outputs the premature error message, I modified s_log to open the log files itself if not already open. I fixed it as follows (suggest you put in to the release?): void s_log(int level, const char *format, ...) { va_list arglist; char text[STRLEN], timestamped[STRLEN]; time_t gmt; struct tm *timeptr; #if defined(HAVE_LOCALTIME_R) && defined(_REENTRANT) struct tm timestruct; #endif if(level>options.debug_level) return; va_start(arglist, format); #ifdef HAVE_VSNPRINTF vsnprintf(text, STRLEN, format, arglist); #else vsprintf(text, format, arglist); #endif va_end(arglist); #if !defined (USE_WIN32) && !defined (__vms) /******************** NEW CODE, NEXT 2 LINES *******/ if(!outfile && options.output_file) /* 'output' option specified, not open */ log_open(); if(!outfile && options.option.syslog) { syslog(level, "LOG%d[%lu:%lu]: %s", So now I don't get the "Snagged" message back on stdout ... but it still does not work for me (yet :-) ) Eric This email sent by: Eric S. Eberhard (928) 567-3727 Voice (928) 567-6122 Fax 928-301-7537 -- you may call any time day or night, I turn it off when I sleep :-) Please try to use a land line first (reception often poor). Note the change in the domain from vicspdi.com to vicsmba.com !!!! For Metropolis support and VICS MBA Support!!!! http://www.vicsmba.com Completely updated web site of personal pictures with many new pictures! Includes horses, dogs, Corvairs, and more. http://www.vicsmba.com/ourpics/index.html Corvair pictures including the Judson setup on our 62 Sedan and lots of pictures of Cheryl's 62 Monza Wagon and our 62 Spyder convertible. http://www.vicsmba.com/ourpics/corvairs.html My younger brother Martin has started a very serious car company. A hot rod (very fast) electric roadster is the first offering. The chassis is built by Lotus to their specs. Check it out: http://www.teslamotors.com

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Setting up TLS for SMTP
by James Brown 01 Oct '06

01 Oct '06

I am trying to set up stunnel so that it accepts SSL encrypted traffic from the internet on port 2525 and sends it to my mail server on port 25. To create the certificate, I used: sudo openssl req -new -outform PEM -out smtpd.cert \ -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout smtpd.key -keyform PEM \ -days 365 -x509 My stunnel.conf is: ; Sample stunnel configuration file by Michal Trojnara 2002-2006 ; Some options used here may not be adequate for your particular configuration ; Certificate/key is needed in server mode and optional in client mode ; The default certificate is provided only for testing and should not ; be used in a production environment ;cert = stunnel.pem cert = /smtpd.cert ;key = stunnel.pem key = /smtpd.key ; Some performance tunings socket = l:TCP_NODELAY=1 socket = r:TCP_NODELAY=1 ; Workaround for Eudora bug ;options = DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS ; Authentication stuff ;verify = 2 ; Don't forget to c_rehash CApath ;CApath = certs ; It's often easier to use CAfile ;CAfile = certs.pem ; Don't forget to c_rehash CRLpath ;CRLpath = crls ; Alternatively you can use CRLfile ;CRLfile = crls.pem ; Some debugging stuff useful for troubleshooting ;debug = 7 ;output = stunnel.log ; Use it for client mode ;client = yes ; Service-level configuration ;[pop3s] ;accept = 995 ;connect = 110 ;[imaps] ;accept = 993 ;connect = 143 ;[ssmtp] ;accept = 465 ;connect = 25 ;[https] ;accept = 443 ;connect = 80 ;TIMEOUTclose = 0 ; vim:ft=dosini I am trying it in standalone mode. Using Stunnel 4.04. OpenSSL 0.9.7i 14 Oct 2005 Output of gcc -v is: Using built-in specs. Target: powerpc-apple-darwin8 Configured with: /private/var/tmp/gcc/gcc-5341.obj~1/src/configure -- disable-checking -enable-werror --prefix=/usr --mandir=/share/man -- enable-languages=c,objc,c++,obj-c++ --program-transform-name=/^[cg] [^.-]*$/s/$/-4.0/ --with-gxx-include-dir=/include/c++/4.0.0 --with- slibdir=/usr/lib --build=powerpc-apple-darwin8 --host=powerpc-apple- darwin8 --target=powerpc-apple-darwin8 Thread model: posix gcc version 4.0.1 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 5341) Whenever I try to start Stunnel, I get a message saying that there is no such file. Eg: $ stunnel -p /smtpd.cert -d 2525 -r 25 2006.10.01 00:36:46 LOG3[638:2684415368]: -p: No such file or directory (2) Syntax: stunnel [filename] | -help | -version | -sockets filename - use specified config file instead of /sw/etc/ stunnel/stunnel.conf -help - get config file help -version - display version and defaults -sockets - display default socket options I am using Mac OS X 10.4.8, Stunnel was built using Fink. Does anybody have any suggestions as to what I am doing wrong? Thanks, James.

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stunnel on osX
by fmgre-dell＠yahoo.fr 30 Sep '06

30 Sep '06

>From: Michal Trojnara <Michal.Trojnara(a)mobi-com.net> >Subject: Re: [stunnel-users] Tr: failure notice >To: stunnel-users(a)mirt.net >Message-ID: <200609292118.57291.Michal.Trojnara(a)mobi-com.net> >Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" >On Friday 29 September 2006 16:11, fmgre-dell(a)yahoo.fr wrote: >> We have been using stunnel for 2 years now. >> We need to renew our keys, and we usually proceed to a >> software upgrade at the same time. >> Â >> - I have noticed changes in stunnel-client ( 4.16 ) >> running on OSX : now, stunnel asks for the key >> password for each service it is launching. > >Just password from your private key. 8-) > Hello, What i mean is that we have 8 different services running. they are all locked with the same key. We distribute the private key to other non-computer persons, who don t know how to remove a password from a key ( and we 'd like to keep the key locked ) With the former version of stunnel, we could unlock the 8 services with typing the password only once With the latest version, we need to type in the keyword once for every service ( i.e. 8 times !!! ) Is there any way to 'ease' the use of the latest version while keeping the key passworded ? bon week end fred ___________________________________________________________________________ Découvrez un nouveau moyen de poser toutes vos questions quelque soit le sujet ! Yahoo! Questions/Réponses pour partager vos connaissances, vos opinions et vos expériences. http://fr.answers.yahoo.com

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Help please - debug and random file
by Eric S. Eberhard 29 Sep '06

29 Sep '06

Hello everyone. I have not been on the list for a long time. I last compiled openssl and stunnel in 2000 or so and have been using the same code ever since. I use it very simply in client mode ... I have an application to authorize credit cards and it connect to stunnel in inetd mode (with -c in the command line). visanet is now requiring version 2 SSL so I have to change so I got all the new stuff and compiled it up and made a .conf file. I have two problems (for now :-) ): 1) No matter what I do it seems that at least some debug is coming back through the socket, and no debug is going to my debug file 2) The debug I am getting is very strange -- the first time it says "Snagged 64 from bytes from stunnel.rnd" The second time it says "Unable to retrieve any random data from stunnel.rnd" When I examine the file it has a current date and zero bytes. If I copy back my old (2000) stunnel.rnd it always reads once, and then writes it back out with zero bytes. I am AIX 4.3.3 and I compiled with xlc and the only option I used that was not default was to not link in the wrappers. I did get a ton of warnings that the "-pthreaded" option was not valid ... but it executes and responds so I am not sure that matters? Or should I do something (what?) about that? My configuration files for the service (visanet) is: output = /tmp/stunnel.log debug = 7 RNDfile = /visanet/ssl/stunnel.rnd [visanet] client = yes connect = ssllab.pgs.wcom.net:443 sslVersion = SSLv2 protocol = smtp cert = /viasanet/ssl/stunnel.pem The rnd file and cert file are from 2000 (old old old!). I would have expected a file /tmp/stunnel.log -- the file is not even created! The old inetd line was: (blah blah) stunnel -r ssllab.pgs.wcom.net:443 -c -R /visanet/sslold/stunnel.rnd What stupid thing am I doing wrong? Does anyone else have experience using stunnel with visanet and can they give me any pointers? Thanks! Eric This email sent by: Eric S. Eberhard (928) 567-3727 Voice (928) 567-6122 Fax 928-301-7537 -- you may call any time day or night, I turn it off when I sleep :-) Please try to use a land line first (reception often poor). Note the change in the domain from vicspdi.com to vicsmba.com !!!! For Metropolis support and VICS MBA Support!!!! http://www.vicsmba.com Completely updated web site of personal pictures with many new pictures! Includes horses, dogs, Corvairs, and more. http://www.vicsmba.com/ourpics/index.html Corvair pictures including the Judson setup on our 62 Sedan and lots of pictures of Cheryl's 62 Monza Wagon and our 62 Spyder convertible. http://www.vicsmba.com/ourpics/corvairs.html My younger brother Martin has started a very serious car company. A hot rod (very fast) electric roadster is the first offering. The chassis is built by Lotus to their specs. Check it out: http://www.teslamotors.com

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Tr: failure notice
by fmgre-dell＠yahoo.fr 29 Sep '06

29 Sep '06

Hello, We have been using stunnel for 2 years now. We need to renew our keys, and we usually proceed to a software upgrade at the same time. - I have noticed changes in stunnel-client ( 4.16 ) running on OSX : now, stunnel asks for the key password for each service it is launching. - a collegue is running stunnel ( client ) on windows and told me that the 4.15 and 4.16 version keeps on crashing on windows. Anybody with the same symptoms ( and possiby a workaround ? ) :-) ( we use keys which are protected by a password, we launch the stunnel ( client ) manually and type in the password for the service to start ) Sincerely, Fred ___________________________________________________________________________ Découvrez un nouveau moyen de poser toutes vos questions quelque soit le sujet ! Yahoo! Questions/Réponses pour partager vos connaissances, vos opinions et vos expériences. http://fr.answers.yahoo.com

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create_client failed
by James 29 Sep '06

29 Sep '06

I am running Debian 3.1 (stable) with stunnel 3.26 (Debian package) to wrap my qmail pop3 daemon. Stunnel works properly for a good amount of time, but at a point (I am unable to find any specific influencing factors) it begins to fail with the error, "Connection reject: create_client failed" (see below for more info). To fix the error I have to kill and restart stunnel. I have adjusted the timeouts for both stunnel and the pop3 daemon, but nothing appears to have a lasting affect. When stunnel errors out the pop3 daemon is still available and can be connected to, so it does not appear to be an issue related to stunnel not being able to talk to the pop3 daemon. Below I have some of the debugging and system information regarding the system and problem. I would be more than appreciative if anyone had some input. Thank you. # Error stunnel[2500]: pop3 accepted FD=9 ###.###.###.### stunnel[2500]: Connection rejected: create_client failed # strace -p select(7, [4 6], NULL, NULL, NULL) = 1 (in [6]) fcntl64(6, F_GETFL) = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR) fcntl64(6, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0 accept(6, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(63759), sin_addr=inet_addr("###.###.###.###")}, [16]) = 9 fcntl64(6, F_SETFL, O_RDWR) = 0 fcntl64(9, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) = 0 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [HUP INT QUIT TERM CHLD], [], 8) = 0 mmap2(NULL, 8388608, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = -1 ENOMEM (Cannot allocate memory) rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0 close(9) = 0 time([1159535901]) = 1159535901 getpid() = 21864 rt_sigaction(SIGPIPE, {0x40253a70, [], 0}, {SIG_IGN}, 8) = 0 send(3, "<27>Sep 29 09:18:21 stunnel[2186"..., 77, 0) = 77 rt_sigaction(SIGPIPE, {SIG_IGN}, NULL, 8) = 0 close(9) = -1 EBADF (Bad file descriptor) # uname -a 2.6.8-3-686-smp #1 SMP Thu Sep 7 04:39:15 UTC 2006 i686 GNU/Linux # libc version GNU C Library stable release version 2.3.2 # Command Running /usr/sbin/stunnel -d pop3s -r pop3 -p /etc/ssl/certs/pop3d.pem -R /dev/urandom -s nobody -g root # stunnel -V stunnel 3.26 on i386-pc-linux-gnu PTHREAD+LIBWRAP with OpenSSL 0.9.7e 25 Oct 2004 Default behaviour: run in inetd mode (unless -d used) run in background (unless -f used) run in ssl server mode (unless -c used) Compile time defaults: -v level no verify -a directory /etc/ssl/certs -A file (none) -S sources 3 -t timeout 300 seconds -B bytes 64 -D level 5 -P pid dir /var/run/stunnel/ -p pemfile in server mode: /etc/ssl/certs/stunnel.pem in client mode: none Socket option defaults: Option Accept Local Remote OS default SO_DEBUG -- -- -- 0 SO_DONTROUTE -- -- -- 0 SO_KEEPALIVE -- -- -- 0 SO_LINGER -- -- -- 0:0 SO_OOBINLINE -- -- -- 0 SO_RCVBUF -- -- -- 87380 SO_SNDBUF -- -- -- 16384 SO_RCVLOWAT -- -- -- 1 SO_SNDLOWAT -- -- -- 1 SO_RCVTIMEO -- -- -- 0:0 SO_SNDTIMEO -- -- -- 0:0 SO_REUSEADDR 1 -- -- 0 SO_BINDTODEVICE -- -- -- -- IP_TOS -- -- -- 0 IP_TTL -- -- -- 64 TCP_NODELAY -- -- -- 0

1 0

SSL and keep alive
by Alex Turner 29 Sep '06

29 Sep '06

All, I am load testing stunnel as a front end to a web server. The problem I have is that the connection is dropping even though JMeter is set to keep-alive on the http sampler. I was wondering if anyone knew if this was a JMeter issue – IE it does not do http1.1 properly with SSL or should I dig deeper? The stunnel log just shows the socket being closed down at the end of each request. Now – as stunnel should not care what data is going over ssl, then there must be something from JMeter that is triggering it to drop the socket. My thinking is that this is either an SSL session end or an actual FIN. In the absence of any feedback – I think I will try using stunnel in both client and server modes and, as I already know JMeter is OK at keep-alive non https – I should thus find out where the issue lays. Thanks for any info AJ PS – I am working on XP both ends with JMeter 2.2 and the latest stunnel. PPS – Naturally, once I have this figured I will post the method and results to nerds-central Alexander J Turner Ph.D. HYPERLINK "http://www.deployview.com"www.deployview.com HYPERLINK "http://www.nerds-central.blogspot.com"www.nerds-central.blogspot.com HYPERLINK "http://www.project-network.com"www.project-network.com -- No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.1.405 / Virus Database: 268.12.9/457 - Release Date: 26/09/2006

2 3

Zombies in 4.17?
by Pete Resnick 28 Sep '06

28 Sep '06

I'm running 4.17 on a Mac Mini (Intel) running MacOSX 10.4.7 and I'm seeing a slew of zombies. Anything I can do to track down what the problem is? pr -- Pete Resnick <http://www.episteme-software.com/> All connections to the world are tenuous at best

2 2

stunnel 4.18 released
by Michal Trojnara 26 Sep '06

26 Sep '06

Version 4.18, 2006.09.26, urgency: MEDIUM: * Bugfixes - GPF on entering private key pass phrase on Win32 fixed. - Updated Win32 OpenSSL DLLs. - Minor configure script update. Home page: http://stunnel.mirt.net/ Download: ftp://stunnel.mirt.net/stunnel/ sha1sum for stunnel-4.18.tar.gz: 3ed3eaefae91d80fcfcbb29dd285d0f773756397 Best regards, Mike

1 0

Windows OpenSSL DLL Version
by algol sigfrid 26 Sep '06

26 Sep '06

2 1

seg fault stunnel 4-14 on SLES10
by Jon Howse 22 Sep '06

22 Sep '06

Hi, I am getting a seg fault with stunnel on an installation of SLES10. This is the first SLES10 server I have set up after having set up many SLES9 servers (approx twelve) which all communicate through stunnel to a central syslog server. The version of stunnel we are using on SLES9 is: stunnel-4.05-20.1. The other machines are a mix of 32bit and 64bit Xeons. The seg fault seems to happen when syslog starts to talk through stunnel. The program is a binary rpm install for 64bit SLES10 and is being run in standalone mode as a client connecting to a stunnel/syslog server running SLES9. OS:- SLES10 x86_64 Packages:- Stunnel 4-14-14.2 Syslog-ng-1.6.8-20.4 Openssl-0.9.8a-18.4 uname -a: Linux server 2.6.16.21-0.15-smp #1 SMP Tue Jul 25 15:28:49 UTC 2006 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux libc version: libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00002ae068cf2000) openssl version: OpenSSL 0.9.8a 11 Oct 2005 stunnel.conf:- # Copyright by Michal Trojnara 2002-2004 # --with changes for SuSE package # client = yes | no # client mode (remote service uses SSL) # default: no (server mode) client = yes # # chroot + user (comment out to disable) # chroot = /var/lib/stunnel/ setuid = stunnel setgid = nogroup # note about the chroot feature and the "exec" keyword to start other # services... # while the init script /etc/init.d/stunnel will copy the binaries and libraries # into the chroot jail, more files might be needed in the jail (configuration files etc.) pid = /var/run/stunnel.pid # # debugging # debug = 7 output = /var/log/stunnel.log # # Some performance tunings # # disable Nagle algorithm (a.k.a. tinygram prevention, see man 7 tcp) socket = l:TCP_NODELAY=1 socket = r:TCP_NODELAY=1 # compression = rle # Workaround for Eudora bug #options = DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS # Authentication stuff # verify = 2 # Don't forget to c_rehash CApath; CApath is located inside chroot jail: # CApath = /certs # It's often easier to use CAfile: # CAfile = /etc/stunnel/certs.pem # Don't forget to c_rehash CRLpath; CRLpath is located inside chroot jail: # CRLpath = /crls # Alternatively you can use CRLfile: # CRLfile = /etc/stunnel/crls.pem CAfile = /etc/openldap/rootcert.pem cert = /etc/ssl/certs/thorincert.pem key = /etc/ssl/certs/thorinkey.pem verify = 2 [5140] accept = 127.0.0.1:514 connect = xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:5140 /var/log/messages:- kernel: Kernel logging (proc) stopped. Sep 21 13:51:00 thorin kernel: Kernel log daemon terminating. Sep 21 13:51:01 thorin syslog-ng[3146]: syslog-ng version 1.6.8 going down Sep 21 13:51:01 thorin syslog-ng[3769]: syslog-ng version 1.6.8 starting Sep 21 13:51:01 thorin syslog-ng[3769]: Changing permissions on special file /dev/tty10 Sep 21 13:51:01 thorin syslog-ng[3769]: Connection broken to AF_INET(127.0.0.1:514), reopening in 60 seconds Sep 21 13:51:06 thorin kernel: klogd 1.4.1, log source = /proc/kmsg started. Sep 21 13:51:06 thorin kernel: stunnel[3739]: segfault at 000000005569a9f0 rip 000055555555b793 rsp 00005555556b2f60 error 4 var/log/stunnel.log:- stunnel 4.14 on x86_64-suse-linux-gnu UCONTEXT+POLL+IPv4+LIBWRAP with OpenSSL 0.9.8a 11 Oct 2005 2006.09.21 13:48:25 LOG7[3396:1]: RAND_status claims sufficient entropy for the PRNG 2006.09.21 13:48:25 LOG6[3396:1]: PRNG seeded successfully 2006.09.21 13:48:25 LOG7[3396:1]: Certificate: /etc/ssl/certs/thorincert.pem 2006.09.21 13:48:25 LOG7[3396:1]: Key file: /etc/ssl/certs/thorinkey.pem 2006.09.21 13:48:25 LOG7[3396:1]: Loaded verify certificates from /etc/openldap/rootcert.pem 2006.09.21 13:48:25 LOG6[3396:1]: file ulimit = 1024 (can be changed with 'ulimit -n') 2006.09.21 13:48:25 LOG6[3396:1]: poll() used - no FD_SETSIZE limit for file descriptors 2006.09.21 13:48:25 LOG5[3396:1]: 500 clients allowed 2006.09.21 13:48:25 LOG7[3396:1]: FD 4 in non-blocking mode 2006.09.21 13:48:25 LOG7[3396:1]: FD 5 in non-blocking mode 2006.09.21 13:48:25 LOG7[3396:1]: FD 6 in non-blocking mode 2006.09.21 13:48:25 LOG7[3396:1]: SO_REUSEADDR option set on accept socket 2006.09.21 13:48:25 LOG7[3396:1]: 5140 bound to 127.0.0.1:514 2006.09.21 13:48:25 LOG7[3397:1]: Created pid file /var/run/stunnel.pid 2006.09.21 13:48:25 LOG7[3397:0]: Waiting -1 second(s) for 2 file descriptor(s) 2006.09.21 13:49:20 LOG7[3397:0]: CONTEXT 1, FD=4, (IN)->() 2006.09.21 13:49:20 LOG7[3397:0]: CONTEXT 1, FD=6, (IN)->(IN) 2006.09.21 13:49:20 LOG7[3397:1]: 5140 accepted FD=7 from 127.0.0.1:7323 2006.09.21 13:49:20 LOG7[3397:1]: Creating a new context 2006.09.21 13:49:20 LOG7[3397:1]: Context 2 created 2006.09.21 13:49:20 LOG7[3397:2]: Context swap: 1 -> 2 It waits at the last entry until syslog tries to connect. And that's where the useful logging stops, after that it's a seg fault. Hope you can point me in the right direction... Jon Howse ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- St Brendan's Sixth Form College --- STAFF e-mail Please consider the environment before printing this email. This e-mail is confidential and intended solely for the use of the individual to whom it is addressed. Any views or opinions presented are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of St Brendan's Sixth Form College. If you are not the intended recipient, be advised that you have received this e-mail in error and that any use, dissemination, forwarding, printing, or copying of this e-mail is strictly prohibited. If you have received this e-mail in error please contact the sender. Please report any abuse of this e-mail service to postmaster(a)stbrn.ac.uk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- *** This e-mail has been scanned by Symantec Anti-Virus software. ***

1 0

Would you plz help me? I have problem with defining ciphers in stunnel
by hjanzadeh＠sinamicro.com 19 Sep '06

19 Sep '06

1 0

4.17 stunnel with syslog-ng
by Jason Englander 15 Sep '06

15 Sep '06

I have a logging server at home set up with syslog-ng and stunnel. Earlier this morning, I upgraded stunnel on a logging client machine from 4.15 to 4.17, no problems. I upgraded the server from 4.15 to 4.17 and stunnel seemed to hang (run, but not detach) on startup. Very long story short (it was too early, I hadn't had enough coffee yet <g>), stunnel was trying to log to syslog, which wasn't running yet. Putting aside that I should've been using "output = /var/log/stunnel.log" instead, for a log server of all things :-), did something change in stunnel or did I screw something up that I don't remember doing? My startup script has been starting stunnel, then syslog-ng for years. I haven't downgraded to verify that it does/doesn't happen starting with a particular version, but I might do that later today out of curiosity. (before fixing, upgrading "important" machines) Also, FYI - configure created a file named "6," in the source directory with this in it: no LIBS=-lz -ldl -lutil -lpthread -L/usr/local/ssl/lib -lssl -lcrypto This seems to be the offending line in configure: echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6, LIBS="$saved_LIBS" -> echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6; LIBS="$saved_LIBS" I ran 'autoreconf -f -i' (autoconf 2.60, automake 1.9.6) and the line isn't in the new ./configure any more. Jason -- Jason Englander <jason(a)englanders.cc> 394F 7E02 C105 7268 777A 3F5A 0AC0 C618 0675 80CA

2 1

cannot compile stunnel on solaris 10 in a zone
by tomvo＠absi.be 15 Sep '06

15 Sep '06

Hi, I'm trying to compile stunnel on a solaris 10 (06/06 release) in a normal (non-global) zone. the compile fails at the mknod command. How do I install stunnel ? I could ofcourse create the device myself in the global zone, but i think it was in /usr/local/var/lib/stunnel/dev, I don't think that our user zone will have access to this device if we create it in the global zone. Anyone else struggled with the same problem ? thx, Tom. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tom Van Overbeke - ABSI Service Delivery Coordinator email: tomvo(a)absi.be Tel: +32 2 333 40 00 - Fax: +32 2 333 40 60 website: http://www.absi.be ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 0

stunnel problem on hp-ux 11.11
by matt.miller＠accenture.com 13 Sep '06

13 Sep '06

System specs: HP-UX 11.11 Stunnel 4.15 OpenSSL 0.8.7i Config File: ; Certificate/key is needed in server mode and optional in client mode ;cert = /opt/iexpress/stunnel/etc/stunnel/mail.pem ;key = /opt/iexpress/stunnel/etc/stunnel/mail.pem ; Some security enhancements for UNIX systems - comment them out on Win32 ;chroot = /opt/iexpress/stunnel/var/lib/stunnel/ ;setuid = nobody ;setgid = nogroup ; PID is created inside chroot jail pid = /tmp/stunnel.pid ; Some performance tunings socket = l:TCP_NODELAY=1 socket = r:TCP_NODELAY=1 ;compression = rle ; Workaround for Eudora bug ;options = DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS ; Authentication stuff ;verify = 2 ; Don't forget to c_rehash CApath ; CApath is located inside chroot jail ;CApath = /certs ; It's often easier to use CAfile ;CAfile = /opt/iexpress/stunnel/etc/stunnel/certs.pem ; Don't forget to c_rehash CRLpath ; CRLpath is located inside chroot jail ;CRLpath = /crls ; Alternatively you can use CRLfile ;CRLfile = /opt/iexpress/stunnel/etc/stunnel/crls.pem ; Some debugging stuff useful for troubleshooting debug = 7 ;foreground = yes output = stunnel.log ; Service-level configuration [pop3s] ; Use it for client mode client = yes ;accept = 995 ;connect = 110 accept = localhost:110 connect = POP3S.MAILSERVER:995 ;[imaps] ;accept = 993 ;connect = 143 ;[ssmtp] ;accept = 465 ;connect = 25 ;[https] ;accept = 443 ;connect = 80 ;TIMEOUTclose = 0 ; vim:ft=dosini Problem: When I try to execute the following command "telnet localhost 110" I get an entry in the stunnel log file and I am unable to connect to the secure pop3 server. I know that this is not a firewall issue because I can telnet directly to the POP3S.MAILSERVER on port 995 and establish a connection, I also know that the server works fine because I set up stunnel on my windows xp machine and that did not have a problem establishing a connection. Any help on this issue would be great. Here is the log I am getting 2006.08.10 18:23:03 LOG5[16138:1]: stunnel 4.15 on hppa2.0w-hp-hpux11.11 with Op 2006.08.10 09:43:55 LOG5[7158:1]: 2000 clients allowed 2006.08.10 09:43:55 LOG7[7158:1]: FD 4 in non-blocking mode 2006.08.10 09:43:55 LOG7[7158:1]: FD 5 in non-blocking mode 2006.08.10 09:43:55 LOG7[7158:1]: FD 6 in non-blocking mode 2006.08.10 09:43:55 LOG7[7158:1]: SO_REUSEADDR option set on accept socket 2006.08.10 09:43:55 LOG7[7158:1]: pop3s bound to 127.0.0.1:110 2006.08.10 09:43:55 LOG7[7263:1]: Created pid file /tmp/stunnel.pid 2006.08.10 16:15:45 LOG7[7263:1]: pop3s accepted FD=0 from 127.0.0.1:57040 2006.08.10 16:15:45 LOG3[7263:1]: Connection rejected: create_client failed 2006.08.10 16:30:34 LOG7[7263:1]: pop3s accepted FD=0 from 127.0.0.1:57156 2006.08.10 16:30:34 LOG3[7263:1]: Connection rejected: create_client failed 2006.08.10 16:45:34 LOG7[7263:1]: pop3s accepted FD=0 from 127.0.0.1:57275 2006.08.10 16:45:34 LOG3[7263:1]: Connection rejected: create_client failed 2006.08.10 17:00:36 LOG7[7263:1]: pop3s accepted FD=0 from 127.0.0.1:57401 2006.08.10 17:00:36 LOG3[7263:1]: Connection rejected: create_client failed 2006.08.10 17:15:36 LOG7[7263:1]: pop3s accepted FD=0 from 127.0.0.1:57506 2006.08.10 17:15:36 LOG3[7263:1]: Connection rejected: create_client failed 2006.08.10 17:30:35 LOG7[7263:1]: pop3s accepted FD=0 from 127.0.0.1:57614 2006.08.10 17:30:35 LOG3[7263:1]: Connection rejected: create_client failed Matt T. Miller Accenture Minneapolis, MN USA 612-277-1826 aim: mttmiller8 email: matt.miller(a)accenture.com This message is for the designated recipient only and may contain privileged, proprietary, or otherwise private information. If you have received it in error, please notify the sender immediately and delete the original. Any other use of the email by you is prohibited.

1 0

RE: [stunnel-users] stunnel and AJP
by Jones Scott - sjones 13 Sep '06

13 Sep '06

Any chance you could send me a sample configuration file? :) Just got it install and going to start trying to get it setup. I am going to try to end the tunnel on a BigIP box. So just set it up on the apache server and hope it can end on the BigIP box. Thanks -----Original Message----- From: Richard.Hall [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Friday, August 25, 2006 4:08 PM To: Jones Scott - sjones Cc: stunnel-users(a)mirt.net Subject: Re: [stunnel-users] stunnel and AJP Jason, On Fri, 25 Aug 2006, Jones Scott - sjones wrote: > Has anyone used stunnel to secure AJP traffic from apache to jboss Short answer: Yes. - Apache + mod_jk configured to talk to stunnel client on localhost rather than to JBoss AJP13 port - stunnel client talks to remote stunnel server - stunnel server talks to JBoss AJP13 port on _its_ localhost. Works a treat :-) We've even done it with a third machine in the middle, running an stunnel server and client back-to-back. Just don't ask why! HTH, Richard ************************************************************************* The information contained in this communication is confidential, is intended only for the use of the recipient named above, and may be legally privileged. If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution or copying of this communication is strictly prohibited. If you have received this communication in error, please resend this communication to the sender and delete the original message or any copy of it from your computer system. Thank you. *************************************************************************

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